*1.把WSL 1设置为默认版本
以管理员身份打开Powershell，输入命令
wsl --set-default-version 1
*2.启用适用于Linux的Windows子系统
控制面板--程序--程序和功能--启用或关闭Windows功能
选中 适用于Linux的Windows子系统，确定
完成后重启生效
*3.下载WSL Linux手动安装包
选择Linux版本，下载
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-manual#downloading-distributions
（2025年1月最新版本为24.04）
*4.在任意位置安装
.AppxBundle安装包改名为zip文件，解压，找到文件名包含x64的.appx文件，再次改名为.zip文件，
解压到D盘比较好找的目录，如D:\Ubuntu
点击ubuntu.exe安装，在D:\Ubuntu目录中有一个rootfs文件，即为安装目录
5.设置默认用户为root
Ubuntu中运行命令：
su root
获取root权限
如果失败，运行命令
sudo bash
su
或者
sudo -i
在windows cmd中执行命令:
cd D:\Ubuntu
d:
ubuntu.exe config --default-user root
关闭Ubuntu,重新打开，默认已经是root用户
6.配置Python环境
在Ubunbu运行如下命令，找到python文件的位置
whereis python3
打开目录D:\Ubuntu\rootfs\root， 打开.bashrc文件，在
# Alias definitions.
这一行注释前面添加一行并保存：
alias python='/usr/bin/python3'
在Ubuntu运行命令：
source ~/.bashrc
如果当前的shell是zsh, 打开目录D:\Ubuntu\rootfs\root， 打开.zshrc文件, 添加一行
alias python='/usr/bin/python3'
在Ubuntu运行命令：
source ~/.zshrc
7.安装并切换shell为zsh
运行命令
sudo apt install zsh
验证是否安装成功
zsh --version
关闭Ubuntu重新打开
确认当前运行的Shell, 运行命令
echo $0
运行命令
chsh -s $(which zsh)
如果不生效，在/root/.bashrc文件的最后添加一行
bash -c zsh
重启Ubuntu
8.安装oh-my-zsh
win10及以下系统版本，下载安装Windows Terminal
win11及以上系统版本，自带Windows Terminal, 可以搜索"终端"， 直接打开使用
下载链接：https://github.com/microsoft/terminal/releases
在Windows Terminal点击v按钮--设置
默认配置文件选择Ubuntu, 保存
打开Windows Terminal，运行命令
sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
打开/root/.zshrc文件，设置ZSH_THEME的值为agnoster（需要双引号）
主题对应样式，参考
https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/wiki/themes
下载nerd fonts
https://www.nerdfonts.com/
下载之后，解压，复制 .ttf 文件到C:\Windows\Fonts目录
打开powershell, 用cd命令切换到zip文件解压目录（/nerd/nerd-fonts-master目录），执行命令
./install.ps1 Ubuntu
9.安装lsd
首先安装Rust，Windows Terminal设置运行Ubuntu后，打开Windows Terminal，运行命令
sudo apt install build-essential
curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh
安装完成后，关闭Windows Terminal后，重新打开Windows Terminal，运行以下命令，安装lsd
cargo install lsd
打开/root目录下的.zshrc设置文件，添加内容
alias ll="lsd -lah"
alias ls="lsd"
运行命令
pwd
可以看到当前已在root目录下，运行命令
source .zshrc
Windows ternimal打开设置，默认值--外观，设置字体为一个nerd font，保存，效果如图
10.Shell的解释器更改为bash
执行ls -l /bin/sh命令，若得到结果/bin/sh -> dash，则说明Shell的解释器为dash。
执行dpkg-reconfigure dash命令，然后选择no。
（重要此步骤需要root权限）
再次执行ls -l /bin/sh命令，若得到结果/bin/sh -> bash，则说明成功更改Shell的解释器为bash。
11.添加国内的源（解决安装包下载慢的问题）
在 Ubuntu 24.04 之前，Ubuntu 的软件源配置文件使用传统的 One-Line-Style，路径为 /etc/apt/sources.list；从 Ubuntu 24.04 开始，Ubuntu 的软件源配置文件变更为 DEB822 格式，路径为 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources，
备份原来的文件，文件内容添加如下内容
Ubuntu 24.04 之前的版本，将国内源文本添加到/etc/apt/sources.list文件：
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
Ubuntu 24.04以及之后的版本，将国内源文本添加到/etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources文件：
Types: deb
URIs: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu
Suites: noble noble-updates noble-backports
Components: main restricted universe multiverse
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
# Types: deb-src
# URIs: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu
# Suites: noble noble-updates noble-backports
# Components: main restricted universe multiverse
# Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
# 以下安全更新软件源包含了官方源与镜像站配置，如有需要可自行修改注释切换
Types: deb
URIs: http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
Suites: noble-security
Components: main restricted universe multiverse
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
# Types: deb-src
# URIs: http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
# Suites: noble-security
# Components: main restricted universe multiverse
# Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# Types: deb
# URIs: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu
# Suites: noble-proposed
# Components: main restricted universe multiverse
# Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
# # Types: deb-src
# # URIs: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu
# # Suites: noble-proposed
# # Components: main restricted universe multiverse
# # Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
在Ubuntu运行命令：
apt-get update;apt-get upgrade
主要的国内源，可以从下面几个任选一个
(1)腾讯云
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
（2）阿里云
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
## Pre-released source, not recommended.
# deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
（3）清华大学
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
## Pre-released source, not recommended.
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
（4）中科大
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
## Pre-released source, not recommended.
# deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
（5）网易163
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
## Pre-released source, not recommended.
# deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
12.启用systemd(crontab依赖于systemd)
在/etc目录下创建文件wsl.conf，输入文件内容
[boot]
systemd=true
保存内容。关闭 WSL Ubuntu重新启动
运行命令
systemctl list-unit-files --type=service
确认cron服务是否运行
13.安装、运行docker
在WSL Ubuntu运行命令：
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
sudo apt install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg
echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
关闭WSL Ubuntu，在Powershell运行命令
wsl --shutdown
打开WSL Ubuntu，运行命令
docker --version
显示版本号，就是安装成功
启动docker
sudo service docker start
查看docker是否运行
sudo service docker status
WSL Ubuntu 22.04会看到docker没有运行，因为WSL Ubuntu 22.04默认使用了iptables-nft，要让docker运行，需要切换为iptables-legacy
运行命令
sudo update-alternatives --config iptables
选择1，也就是iptables-legacy
运行sudo service docker start
停止Docker
sudo service docker stop
14.卸载Ubuntu
以管理员身份打开Powershell，输入命令
wsl --list
wsl --unregister Ubuntu
